Clima, Antartide: dal ghiaccio più antico la storia del pianeta
Enea, al via seconda la fase della missione Beyond Epica Oldest Ice – Roma, 19 dic. (askanews)
Massimo Frezzotti, glaciologo Enea, e Robert Mulvaney del British Antarctic Survey hanno issato la bandiera europea a Little Dome C in Antartide, area da dove riparte la seconda fase della missione Beyond Epica Oldest Ice, nata con l’obiettivo di identificare un sito di perforazione che consenta di raggiungere e analizzare durante il carotaggio il ghiaccio di oltre un milione e mezzo di anni fa. Le carote di ghiaccio sono i migliori archivi del clima del passato in quanto contengono le bolle di aria che risalgono al momento della loro formazione e con esse informazioni climatico/ambientali sulla temperatura, gli aerosol, l’attività solare, le eruzioni vulcaniche. I campioni di ghiaccio raccolti, una volta analizzati in laboratorio, – si legge nella notizia pubblicata nell’ultimo numero di ENEAinform@ – sono in grado di rilevare la composizione chimico-fisico-isotopica dell’atmosfera del passato e ci consentono di migliorare le proiezioni future sugli sviluppi del clima, con dati quantitativi affidabili attraverso i quali progettare migliori strategie di mitigazione e adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici. L’attività di ricognizione, coordinata in Antartide da Massimo Frezzotti, si svolge nell’ambito di un progetto europeo triennale con un contributo Ue di 2,2 milioni di euro che coinvolge glaciologi e climatologi di 10 paesi europei nella ricerca della sequenza continua di ghiaccio più antico della Terra. Grazie a queste carote ghiacciate sarà possibile andare ancora più indietro nel tempo, quasi il doppio, rispetto ai confini temporali raggiungibili attraverso i campioni attualmente disponibili (800 mila anni) La prima annualità del progetto è stata dedicata a una ricognizione primaria del sito di perforazione. Alla fine dello scorso anno è stato individuato un sito ottimale, un’area di circa 7×5 km identificata come Little Dome C, che si trova a circa 40 km a sud ovest dalla stazione italo-francese di Concordia. Il campo, posto a una altitudine di 3.228 m e distante dalla costa 1.200 km, è caratterizzato da temperature medie annuali di -55 °C con minime invernali che scendono fino a -84°C e da uno strato di ghiaccio di circa 2.640 m di spessore. Quest’anno gli scienziati sono impegnati nella ricerca del punto ottimale all’interno del perimetro identificato lo scorso anno. Per arrivare a questa indicazione, sono in corso approfondite indagini del fondo roccioso sottostante la calotta di ghiaccio, attraverso indagini geofisiche con radar e GPS, che si concluderanno con una perforazione veloce (RAID) a 600 m di profondità per la stima della temperatura dell’interfaccia ghiaccio/roccia. “La scelta del punto esatto di carotaggio – spiega Massimo Frezzotti dell’Enea – è fondamentale per questa tipologia di studi in quanto più si va in profondità e più il ghiaccio perde di risoluzione, perché la sua stratificazione diventa più densa e sottile e può essere soggetto a deformazione per processi di dinamica glaciale, quindi risulta più difficile da studiare. Andando in profondità l’arco temporale racchiuso in pochi centimetri di ghiaccio diviene sempre più ampio. Si passa da 2 cm di ghiaccio per anno nello strato superficiale, fino a 10-15 mila anni per metro di ghiaccio, arrivando alla profondità di 2500 m. Per questo motivo è importante trovare dei punti di perforazione dove questo processo sia mitigato da specifiche caratteristiche della dinamica del ghiaccio e del fondo roccioso. Questo triennio è la fase preliminare di indagine, se troveremo un sito idoneo la vera e propria perforazione inizierà nel 2020 per terminare nel 2025. Anche tale seconda fase sarà cofinanziata dal Programma H2020 e dalle 10 nazioni europee coinvolte”. Il lavoro sul campo, parte delle attività afferenti al Programma Horizon 2020 Beyond EPICA Oldest Ice Project (BE-OI), è reso possibile dalla logistica di Enea e Ipev che cogestiscono la Stazione Concordia. Il team europeo è composto da Massimo Frezzotti (Enea), Saverio Panichi (Enea), Michele Scalet (Pnra), Robert Mulvaney e Julius Rix (British Antarctic Survey), Catherine Ritz (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique).
Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile Unità Tecnica Antartide
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After all, time was limited. Ye Fei quickly took out a portion of the medicinal materials for refining the Transformation Pill, and then began to clear the furnace, preheat it, and purify it in an orderly manner with a high degree of mental concentration.Now that you re here, stay with me Now that he had taken action, Ye Fei showed no mercy.
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